Macronutrients Nutrients required in large quantities by the human body and also provide the energy necessary for various metabolic reactions, and tissue building, systems and maintenance of body functions in general. Cinergy Health Among them: Carbohydrates are organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. In its simplest form, the general formula CnH2nOn. They range from simple sugars containing from 3-7 carbon atoms to very complex polymers. They are sorted by the number of sugar molecules: monosaccharides (like glucose and fructose), disaccharides (eg sucrose and lactose), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (such as starch, glycogen and cellulose). The carbohydrates in the human body function primarily in the form of glucose, although a few have structural importance. They are the major source of energy. Each gram yields 4 kcal, regardless of the source.Glucose is essential to maintaining the functional integrity of nervous tissues and is necessary for normal metabolism of fats. The main source of carbohydrate in the diet originates in foods of plant origin, with the exception of lactose (milk sugar). Plants such as cereals, fruits, vegetables, and table sugar. Protein: are organic compounds made up equally of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but also contain about 16 nitrogen, with sulfur and occasionally other elements such as phosphorus, iron and cobalt. The basis of its structure consists of amino acids (organic compounds formed by an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)), joined by peptide bonds. The body can not synthesize some of these amino acids (called essential amino acids) and the diet should be supplemented with these amino acids. Proteins are fractionated by protease digestion to convert them into free amino acids.The dietary protein involved in tissue protein synthesis in anabolic processes, to build and maintain body tissues. They also provide power to provide 4 kcal / gr. However, they are considerably more expensive, both for expenditure and for the amount of energy required for metabolism. They also play a structural role not only in the tissues but in the formation of enzymes, hormones and various body fluids. Involved in the immune system and transport of fats or triglycerides (lipoproteins), among other functions. The main sources of proteins are among the foods of animal origin (especially the meat), vegetables and nuts. While many foods have significant amounts of proteninas such as pasta and rice. However, most foods have some amount of proteins, lipids: they consist of a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids. They are a heterogeneous group of compounds that include fats and oils and regular.From a chemical point of view, the fatty acids are straight chains of hydrocarbons that end with a carboxyl group at one end and a methyl group at the other end. The fatty acids are branched hydrocarbon chains, connected by unique links ( saturated fatty acids) or double bonds (unsaturated fatty acids). Fatty acids are classified by the number of carbons, the position of first double bond and the number of double bonds. Fat, in the form of adipose tissue triglycerides is as stored in the body, constitute the main form of energy storage. Fats are needed to keep cell membranes functioning properly, to insulate body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature stable and to maintain healthy skin and hair. The body does not synthesize certain fatty acids (called essential fatty acids) and the diet must be supplemented with these fatty acids.Lipids or fats are high energy of 9 kcal / g (about 37.7 kJ / g). Obviously the main sources are animal foods, fats and vegetable oils.
Today is: 7 February, 2012
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